General MySQL Oracle SQL Server

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Cursor Variable Easier to Use than Cursor in Oracle
Why Cursor Variables Are Easier to Use than Cursors in Oracle? Cursor variables are easier to use than cursors because: Cursor variables are easier to define. No need to give a specific query statement. Cursor variables are easier to open. You can specify the query dynamically at the time of open. C... 2018-06-27, 2371🔥, 0💬

Data File of BDB Storage Engine in MySQL
Where Table Data Is Stored by the BDB Storage Engine in MySQL? By default, MySQL provides \mysql\data directory for all storage engines to store table data. Under \mysql\data directory, the BDB storage engine will create one file for each table to store table data and index data. If a new table is c... 2017-08-13, 2371🔥, 0💬

Load Data from External Tables in Oracle
How To Load Data from External Tables to Regular Tables in Oracle? Once you have your data entered in a text file, and an external table defined to this text file, you can easily load data from this text file to a regular table. The following tutorial exercise shows you how to load data from the tex... 2016-10-15, 2371🔥, 0💬

Retrieving Execution Error Message in MySQL
How To Get MySQL Statement Execution Errors in MySQL? When you execute a MySQL statement with mysql_query(), and the statement failed, mysql_query() will return the Boolean value FALSE. This is good enough to tell that there is something wrong with that statement. But if you want to know more about ... 2017-10-23, 2369🔥, 0💬

Creating an Index for Multiple Columns in SQL Server
How To Create an Index for Multiple Columns in SQL Server? An index for multiple columns works similarly to a sorting process on multiple columns. If an index is defined for two columns, the index key is composed by values from those two columns. A multi-column index will be used to speed up the sea... 2016-11-13, 2366🔥, 0💬

"DROP SCHEMA" - Dropping an Existing Schema in SQL Server
How To Drop an Existing Schema in SQL Server? If you want to delete a schema, you need to move all objects out of that schema, then use the "DROP SCHEMA" statement to delete the schema. The tutorial exercise below shows you how to drop schema "fyi": -- Login with "sa" USE FyiCenterData; GO -- Drop f... 2016-10-20, 2366🔥, 0💬

Predefined User Accounts in MySQL
What Are the Predefined User Accounts in MySQL? There is only one predefined user account called "root": "root" was created during the installation process. "root" has no password initially. You need to assign a new password as soon as you finishes the installation. "root" has all access privileges ... 2017-09-08, 2365🔥, 0💬

Sorting Query Output in Descending Order in SQL Server
How To Sort Query Output in Descending Order in SQL Server? If you want to sort a column in descending order, you can specify the DESC keyword in the ORDER BY clause. The following SELECT statement first sorts the "tag" in descending order, then sorts the "counts" in ascending order: SELECT tag, cou... 2016-10-26, 2365🔥, 0💬

Concatenating Character Strings in MySQL
How To Concatenate Two Character Strings in MySQL? If you want concatenate multiple character strings into one, you need to use the CONCAT() function. Here are some good examples: SELECT CONCAT('Welcome',' to') FROM DUAL; Welcome to SELECT CONCAT('FYI','center','.com') FROM DUAL; FYIcenter.com   ⇒ E... 2018-04-07, 2364🔥, 0💬

Overflow Errors on Converting Big Values to Integers in SQL Server
What Happens When Converting Big Values to Integers in SQL Server Transact-SQL? If you are converting a numeric expression to an integer data type and the value is too big for integer storage size, you will get an arithmetic overflow error as shown in the following examples: -- Overflow error on imp... 2017-03-22, 2363🔥, 0💬

NULL Values Involved in Bitwise Operations in SQL Server
What Happens If NULL Values Are Involved in Bitwise Operations in SQL Server Transact-SQL? If NULL values are involved in bitwise operations, the result will be binary NULL values. The following tutorial script shows you some good examples: SELECT 1 | NULL; GO ----------- NULL SELECT 707 &amp; N... 2017-02-03, 2363🔥, 0💬

Define a Procedure inside another Procedure in Oracle
How To Define a Procedure inside Another Procedure in Oracle? Define a procedure inside another procedure is supported by PL/SQL. The following tutorial script shows you an example: SQL&gt; CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE HR.DBA_WEEK AS 2 PROCEDURE DBA_TASK (day VARCHAR2) AS 3 BEGIN 4 IF day = 'MOND... 2019-02-18, 2362🔥, 0💬

Define a Specific RECORD Type in Oracle
How To Define a Specific RECORD Type in Oracle? If you want to define a specific RECORD type, you need to use the TYPE ... IS RECORD statement in the declaration part of any procedure or function. The following example script defines a RECORD type called STUDENT: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE HELLO AS... 2018-09-01, 2362🔥, 0💬

CREATE TABLE Statement in MySQL
How To Create a New Table in MySQL? If you want to create a new table, you can use the "CREATE TABLE" statement. The following tutorial script shows you how to create a table called "tip": mysql&gt; CREATE TABLE tip (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, subject VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL, description VARCHAR(256) ... 2018-03-10, 2362🔥, 0💬

Counting Duplicated Values in a Column in MySQL
How To Count Duplicated Values in a Column in MySQL? If you have a column with duplicated values, and you want to know what are those duplicated values are and how many duplicates are there for each of those values, you can use the GROUP BY ... HAVING clause as shown in the following example. It ret... 2017-10-16, 2362🔥, 0💬

What Is a Dead Lock in Oracle
What Is a Dead Lock in Oracle? A dead lock is phenomenon happens between two transactions with each of them holding a lock that blocks the other transaction as shown in the following diagram: (transaction 1) (transaction 2) update row X to create lock 1 update row Y to create lock 2 update row X (bl... 2019-08-08, 2360🔥, 0💬

Turn on Binary Logs in MySQL
How To Turn on Binary Logs in MySQL? If you want MySQL to write binary logs to a file, you can use the "--log-bin=fileBaseName" option at the "mysqld" command line. The tutorial exercise below shows you a good example on how to use this option: &gt;cd \mysql\bin &gt;mkdir \mysql\logs &gt... 2017-11-29, 2360🔥, 0💬

Work with Data Objects Interactively in Oracle
How To Work with Data Objects Interactively in Oracle? You can work with data objects through SQL statements in statement area. If you want to work with data objects interactively, you should use the object browser. The following tutorial steps help you to browse data objects: Click the Connetions t... 2018-10-08, 2359🔥, 0💬

Writing Date and Time Literals in MySQL
How To Write Date and Time Literals in MySQL? MySQL offers a number of formats for you to use to enter date and time literals: ANSI standard format: "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS". Non-standard limiters. Like: "YYYY/MM/DD HH^MM^SS" or "YYYY.MM.DD HH-MM-SS". No limiters. Like: "YYYYMMDD" for a date or "HHMMSS... 2017-12-26, 2359🔥, 0💬

Close MySQL Connection Objects in MySQL
How To Close MySQL Connection Objects in MySQL? MySQL connection objects created with mysql_connect() calls should be closed as soon as you have finished all of your database access needs by calling mysql_close($con) function. This will reduce the consumption of connection resources on your MySQL se... 2017-11-11, 2359🔥, 0💬

OUTPUT - Receiving Output Values from Stored Procedures in SQL Server
How To Receive Output Values from Stored Procedures in SQL Server Transact-SQL? If an output parameter is defined in a stored procedure, the execution statement must provide a variable to receive the output value in the format: "@variable_name OUTPUT" or "@parameter_name = @variable_name OUTPUT". Th... 2016-12-28, 2359🔥, 0💬

Query with an Inner Join in MySQL
How To Write a Query with an Inner Join in MySQL? If you want to query from two tables with an inner join, you can use the INNER JOIN ... ON clause in the FROM clause. The tutorial exercise below creates another testing table and returns output with an inner join from two tables: fyi_links and fyi.r... 2017-12-31, 2358🔥, 0💬

Inserting Data into an Existing Table in MySQL
How To Insert Data into an Existing Table in MySQL? If you want to insert a row of data into an existing table, you can use the INSERT INTO statement as shown in the following sample script: &lt;?php include "mysql_connection.php"; $sql = "INSERT INTO fyi_links (id, url) VALUES (" . " 101, 'dev.... 2017-10-08, 2357🔥, 0💬

Performing Comparison on Character Strings in SQL Server
How To Perform Comparison on Character Strings in SQL Server Transact-SQL? Comparison operations on character strings are performed based on the associated collation. Each collation defines rules on how characters are ordered, how character cases and accents are treated, etc. The tutorial exercise b... 2017-01-21, 2357🔥, 0💬

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General MySQL Oracle SQL Server